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第八十二天

With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

随着角色的模糊，以及家庭方面在为职业女性做出调整方面远远落后于工作场所，女性在家中承受更大的压力也就不足为奇了。

  • blurring: 模糊
  • lags: 落后

第八十一天

Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

研究人员在工作时和在家时测量了人们的皮质醇水平，这是一种压力标志，发现它在家中的水平比在工作时更高，尽管家本应是一个避风港。

  • cortisol: 皮质醇
  • refuge: 避风港

第八十天

One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask, and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived.

令人惊讶的揭露之一是，Rebekah Brooks对她的新闻编辑室发生了什么了解得多么少，她认为需要询问的事情多么少，以及她从未询问过故事是如何到来的。

  • astonishing: 令人惊讶的
  • revelations: 揭露
  • newsroom: 新闻编辑室
  • inquired: 询问

第七十九天

This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.

这种影响不仅将体现在《科学》杂志自身的出版物上，更有望带动更多出版机构效仿《科学》杂志的做法。

  • model their approach after: 效仿

第七十八天

Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”

当被问及是否有任何特定的论文推动了这一变化时，麦克纳特说：“统计委员会的成立是由对科学研究中统计和数据分析应用的广泛关注所推动的，这是科学杂志整体努力提高我们发表的研究可重复性的部分。”

  • impelled: 推动
  • statistics board: 统计委员会
  • motivated: 推动
  • broadly: 广泛地
  • drive to: 努力
  • reproducibility: 可重复性

第七十七天

Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.

法律教授奥林·克尔（Orin Kerr）将21世纪数字信息的爆炸和普及与20世纪汽车使用成为生活必需品的现象进行了类比：当时，法官们不得不为乘用车这一新领域制定新的规则；现在，他们必须弄清楚第四修正案如何适用于数字信息。

  • professor: 教授
  • explosion: 爆炸
  • accessibility: 易获得性
  • virtual: 虚拟的
  • specify: 指定
  • novel: 新颖的
  • domain: 领域
  • sort out: 整理

第七十六天

California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.

加利福尼亚州请求法官们避免做出广泛的规定，特别是那些可能推翻旧有假设的规定，即当局可以在嫌疑人被逮捕时搜查他们的财物。

  • refrain: 避免
  • sweeping: 广泛的
  • assumption: 假设
  • arrest: 逮捕

第七十五天

At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.

在托马斯·皮凯蒂和其他经济学家警告贫富差距日益扩大和继承财富的权力日益增强之际，富有的贵族家庭仍然是现代民主国家象征性核心的事实显得非常荒谬。

  • inequality: 不平等
  • bizarre: 荒谬的
  • aristocratic: 贵族的

第七十四天

Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.

部长们还应考虑在租赁环境中创造更大的确定性，这将对注册提供商通过收入资助新发展的能力产生重大影响。

- rental: 租赁

第七十三天

When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology, jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened.

当技术价格和性能迅速提高时，那些曾经被认为是免受自动化威胁的工作突然变得受到威胁。

  • immune: 免疫的
  • automation: 自动化
  • threatened: 受到威胁

第七十二天

Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call the “above average effect,” or “illusory superiority," and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving, and 85% at getting on well with others——all obviously statistical impossibilities.

社会心理学家已经积累了大量关于他们所谓的“平均水平以上效应”或“幻觉优越感”的研究，并表明，例如，我们中有70%的人认为自己在领导能力上高于平均水平，93%的人在驾驶上，85%的人在与人相处上——显然都是统计上的不可能。

  • amassed: 积累
  • oceans of: 大量的
  • illusory: 幻觉的
  • statistical: 统计的

第七十一天

Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people.

然而，无论贫富，全世界的人们都能感受到愉悦感与为他人花钱之间的联系，而且稀缺性对大多数人来说都能增强大多数事物的乐趣。

  • scarcity: 稀缺

第七十天

Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.

为他人购买礼物或捐赠慈善机构通常比为自己购买物品更令人愉快，而奢侈品在适度消费时最令人享受。

  • charity: 慈善机构
  • luxuries: 奢侈品
  • sparingly: 适度地

第六十九天

To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers, and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.

这份报告呼吁增加对研究的投资，制定连贯的课程以提高学生在21世纪解决问题和有效沟通的能力，增加对教师的资金支持，并鼓励学者将他们的学习应用于当今的重大挑战，以此促进创新和竞争。

  • crafting: 制定
  • coherent：连贯的
  • curricula: 课程
  • scholars: 学者

第六十八天

In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others" to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education."

2010年，领先的国会民主党人和共和党人向美国科学促进会（AAAS）发送了信件，要求它确定联邦、州和地方政府、大学、基金会、教育工作者、个人赞助商和其他人可以采取的行动，以“维持人文和社会科学学术和教育领域的国家卓越性”。

  • congressional: 国会的
  • foundations: 基金会
  • benefactors: 赞助商
  • excellence: 卓越

第六十七天

But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research——as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.

但诺贝尔基金会的每项奖项只能授予三名获奖者，且每位获奖者必须仍然在世的规定，已经被现代研究合作的性质所超越——这一点将由对希格斯玻色子发现的认可过程中不可避免地忽视某些人的争议所证明。

  • recipients: 获奖者
  • outgrown: 超越
  • collaborative: 合作的
  • demonstrated: 展示
  • boson: 玻色子

第六十六天

There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.

业内存在变革的压力，但监管机构中的反对者坚持认为，将外人排除在律师事务所之外，可以使律师避免受到追求利润而非道德服务客户的压力。

  • pressure: 压力
  • profession: 行业
  • insist: 坚持
  • isolates: 使孤立
  • ethically: 道德地

第六十五天

Even the very phrase “jobseeker’s allowance” is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker" who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions.

甚至‘求职者津贴’这一表述也是在重新定义失业者，将他们视为‘求职者’，而他们并没有通过缴纳国民保险费用而获得基本福利的权利。

  • very: 正是
  • redefining: 重新定义
  • jobseeker: 求职者
  • fundamental right: 基本权利
  • earned: 通过努力获得的

第六十四天

What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”-protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending, and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.

据我们所知，他之所以这样做，是因为他对“基本公平”的热忱——保护纳税人，控制开支，确保只有最值得救助的索赔人才能获得他们的福利。

  • zeal: 热情
  • claimants: 索赔人

第六十三天

Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit, and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly.

只有当失业者带着简历来到就业中心，注册在线求职，并开始寻找工作时，他们才有资格获得福利，然后他们应该每周报告而不是每两周报告。

  • fortnightly: 每两周

第六十二天

When women do break through to the summit of corporate power as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.

当女性突破进入企业权力的顶峰，例如，谢丽尔·桑德伯格最近在Facebook所做的那样，她们吸引了巨大的关注，因为她们仍然是规则的例外。

  • break through to: 突破进入
  • summit: 顶峰
  • power: 权力
  • precisely: 精确地
  • remain: 保持

第六十一天

Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.

科学家们发现，尽管我们容易做出仓促的过度反应，但如果我们稍加思考我们可能会如何反应，我们就可以减少甚至消除我们快速、本能的反应带来的负面影响。

  • prone: 容易的
  • overreactions: 过度反应
  • eliminate: 消除

第六十天

Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds.

快速的决定可以作为重要的防御机制；如果我们正在判断某人是否危险，我们的大脑和身体是预先编程的，能够迅速反应，在毫秒之内。

  • Snap: 快
  • defense mechanisms: 防御机制
  • hard-wired: 本能的
  • milliseconds: 毫秒

第五十九天

Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.

超越文化战争的对错逻辑意味着开放中间地带，并理解今天管理移民需要多条路径和多种结果，包括一些在现有体系中难以合法实现的结果。

  • middle ground: 中立地带
  • immigration: 移民

第五十八天

Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and then go home.

随着许多人寻找在美国建立永久家园，也有一些人没有留下来的意图，他们只想赚些钱然后回家。

  • permanent: 永久的
  • intention: 意图

第五十七天

In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I. Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post-high school education.

在一个“平均水平”正式终结的世界里，我们需要做很多事情来支持就业，但没有什么比通过某种21世纪的《退伍军人权利法案》更重要，这可以确保每个美国人都能获得高中后的教育。

  • officially: 正式地
  • G.I. Bill: 退伍军人权利法案

第五十六天

But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.

但我们可以确定的是，随着全球化和信息技术革命的每一次进步，最好的工作都将要求工人拥有更多的和更好的教育，以使自己成为平均水平之上。

第五十五天

Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.

戴维森的文章是最近出现的一系列文章中的一篇，这些文章都指出，我们今天失业率居高不下和中等收入下降的原因主要是由于大萧条导致的巨大需求下降，但这也是因为全球化和技术革命的进步，这些进步正在以前所未有的速度用机器或外国工人取代劳动力。

  • stubbornly: 固执地
  • middle-class: 中产阶级
  • advances: 进步
  • labor: 劳动力

第五十四天

In an essay entitled “Making It in America," the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”

在一篇名为“在美国实现成功”的文章中，作者亚当·戴维森讲述了一个来自棉花产地的笑话，讲述了现代纺织工厂被自动化程度有多高：如今，平均工厂只有两名员工，“一个人和一条狗。人在那里喂狗，而狗在那里把人远离机器。”

  • relates: 叙述
  • cotton: 棉花
  • textile: 纺织
  • mill: 工厂

第五十三天

As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.

常常如此，过去揭示了未来的关键：我们现在已经确定了足够多的塑造地球历史和我们物种的长期模式，以便基于证据做出关于我们的后代将面临的情况的预测。

  • As so often: 常常如此
  • descendants: 后代

第五十二天

The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage.

今天技术的潜在演变以及其社会后果，这是令人眼花缭乱地复杂的，也许最好由科幻作家和未来学家来探索我们可以想象的许多可能性。

  • social consequences: 社会后果
  • dazzlingly: 令人眼花缭乱地
  • futurologists: 未来学家
  • envisage: 想象

第五十一天

If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method: There is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm.

如果它试图挑战几乎完全依赖广告的谷歌，那么它选择了一种间接的方法：默认情况下启用Do Not Track（DNT）并不一定会成为常态。

  • wholly: 完全地
  • guarantee: 保证

第五十天

In December 2010 America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed.

2010年12月，美国联邦贸易委员会（FTC）提议在互联网浏览器中增加一个“不要跟踪”（DNT）选项，这样用户就可以告诉广告商他们不想被跟踪。

  • proposed: 提议
  • track: 跟踪

第四十九天

An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half.

有句老话这样说：所有广告预算的一半都是浪费的——麻烦的是，没有人知道是哪一半。

  • advertising budgets: 广告预算

第四十八天

These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that-and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.

这些标签鼓励注重时尚的消费者将衣服视为一次性的东西——虽然它们没有宣传这一点——只能持续一两次洗涤，并且每隔几周就要更新一次他们的衣橱。

  • style-conscious: 注重风格
  • disposable: 一次性
  • wardrobe: 衣橱

第四十七天

Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.

Priestly解释了助理的深蓝色毛衣是如何从时尚秀上逐渐流行到百货商店，最终进入打折货架，在那里，这个穷女孩无疑找到了她的衣物。

  • sweater: 毛衣
  • descended: 下降
  • doubtless: 无疑
  • garment: 衣物

第四十六天

The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist at Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.

哥伦比亚大学经济学家蒂尔·冯·瓦赫特的研究表明，并非所有在经济衰退时期毕业的人都会看到自己的生活机会变得黯淡：那些拥有来自精英大学学位的人很快就会追赶到如果他们在更好的时代毕业时本应达到的水平；而是那些位于他们下方的群体被抛在了后面。
  • recession: 经济衰退
  • dimmed: 变黯淡
  • degrees from: 来自…的学位
  • catch up: 追赶
  • otherwise: 否则
  • masses: 普通大众

第四十五天

Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad’s.

批评者对基因专利提出了三个主要反对观点：基因是大自然的产物，因此可能不应该被专利化；基因专利抑制创新而不是奖励创新；并且专利垄断限制了像Myriad这样的基因测试的获取。

  • patents: 专利
  • suppress: 抑制
  • monopolies: 垄断
  • restrict: 限制

第四十四天

It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.

直到20世纪80年代中期，当放大年龄和性别差异成为儿童市场营销的主导策略时，粉红色才完全占据了它自己的位置，开始对女孩们显得天生有吸引力，成为定义她们为女性的部分，至少在最初的几年里是这样。

  • amplifying: 放大
  • dominant: 主导
  • inherently: 天生地

第四十三天

It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance.

并不是说粉红色本身有什么不好，但它只是彩虹的一小部分，虽然它以一种方式庆祝少女时代，但它也不断地、坚定地将女孩的身份与外貌捆绑在一起。

  • intrinsically: 本质上
  • slice: 一小部分
  • rainbow: 彩虹
  • girlhood: 少女时代
  • firmly: 坚定地
  • fuses: 捆绑

第四十二天

But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.

但是，如果学区基本上因为家庭生活复杂而对学生不做家庭作业采取放任的态度，那么这就危险地接近于暗示需要为贫困儿童降低标准。

  • district: 学区
  • essentially: 基本上
  • giving a pass to: 放任
  • complicated: 复杂
  • implication: 暗示
  • standards: 标准

第四十一天

Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.

尽管有大量证据表明教师的质量是最重要的变量，但教师工会却反对淘汰不合格的教师和提拔优秀的教师。

  • variable: 变量
  • getting rid of: 淘汰

第四十天

As a discovery claim works its way through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.

当一个发现声明在社区中传播时，关于涉及的科学与技术共享与竞争信念之间的互动和对抗，将个人的发现声明转化为社区可信的发现。

  • confrontation: 对抗
  • beliefs: 信念
  • involved: 涉及

第三十九天

In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work.

在科学研究的理想化版本中，世界的事实正等待着被客观的研究者通过科学方法观察和收集，以完成他们的工作。

  • idealized: 理想化
  • carry out: 完成

第三十八天

The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say the Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend.

这个案件中的法律问题很模糊：尽管最高法院已经裁定各州确实对核电拥有一定的监管权力，但法律学者表示，佛蒙特州的这个案件将提供一个具有先例意义的测试，以检验这些权力的范围有多远。

  • obscure: 模糊
  • whereas: 尽管
  • states: 州
  • regulatory authority: 监管权力
  • nuclear: 核电
  • scholars: 学者
  • precedent-setting: 具有先例意义

第三十七天

A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management-especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe.

一系列事故，包括2007年一座冷却塔的部分坍塌和地下管道系统泄漏的发现，引发了人们对佛蒙特州扬基核电站的安全性和安特吉公司管理的严重质疑——特别是在该公司就管道问题发表了误导性声明之后。

  • collapse: 坍塌
  • leakage: 泄漏
  • management: 管理
  • statements: 声明

第三十六天

But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.

但在她的新书《加入俱乐部》中，蒂娜·罗森伯格认为，同龄人压力也可以通过她所说的“社会疗法”成为一种积极的力量，其中组织和官员利用群体动力帮助个人改善生活，甚至可能改变世界。

  • peer pressure: 同龄人压力
  • social cure: 社会疗法
  • officials: 官员
  • group dynamics: 群体动力

第三十五天

It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.

它坚称，经济协调应涉及欧盟俱乐部所有27个成员国，其中有一小部分多数支持自由市场主义和经济严谨；在核心集团内，德国担心，有一小部分多数倾向于法国的干预。

  • insists: 坚称
  • co-ordination: 协调
  • liberalism: 自由市场主义
  • rigour: 严谨
  • interference: 干预

第三十四天

Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.

市场已经失去了对欧元区经济体的信心，无论是较弱的还是较强的，相信有一天会因共享单一货币的纪律而趋同，这种纪律否认了不具竞争力的成员国通过贬值来寻求快速解决方案。

  • euro: 欧元
  • converge: 趋同
  • uncompetitive: 不具竞争力
  • the quick fix of: 快速解决方案
  • devaluation: 贬值

第三十三天

In his Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would impact everyday life-few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.

在他的“案例研究屋”中，拉尔夫·拉普森可能没有准确预测到机械革命将如何影响日常生活——尽管大多数美国家庭最终购买了衣物干燥机，但很少有家庭购买直升机。然而，他认为自给自足既是有益的也是不可避免的，这一观点被广泛接受。

  • mispredicted: 错误预测
  • mechanical: 机械
  • acquired: 获得购买
  • helicopters: 直升机
  • eventually: 最终
  • dryers: 干燥机
  • self-sufficiency: 自给自足
  • desirable: 有益的
  • inevitable: 不可避免的

第三十二天

The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools.

“少即是多”这个短语实际上最初是由一位德国人，建筑师路德维希·密斯·凡德罗推广的，他与包豪斯设计学院的其他人一样，在二战前移民到美国，并在美国建筑学院担任了职位。

  • popularized: 推广
  • associated with: 与…有关
  • emigrated: 移民
  • took up posts: 担任职位

第三十一天

We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G.I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.

我们倾向于将二战后紧接着的几十年视为一个繁荣和增长的时期，数百万士兵返回家园，依靠《退伍军人权利法案》上大学，并在婚姻登记处排队。

  • immediately: 立即
  • prosperity: 繁荣
  • lining up: 排队
  • bureaus: 登记

第三十天

The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive.

席卷新闻编辑室的旋风伤害了每个人，但大部分损害集中在报纸最不具特色的领域。

  • whirlwind: 旋风
  • swept: 席卷
  • newsrooms: 新闻编辑室
  • distinctive: 特色

第二十九天

But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred.

但研究人员认为，如果外部董事在坏消息爆发前离开公司，他们更容易避免对自己的声誉造成打击，即使历史回顾显示他们在任何不当行为发生时都是董事会成员。

  • blow: 打击
  • reputations: 声誉
  • board: 董事会
  • wrongdoing: 不当行为
  • occurred: 发生

第二十八天

They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%.

他们发现，在意外离职之后，公司随后必须重述收益的概率增加了近20%。

  • departure: 离职
  • probability: 概率
  • subsequently: 随后
  • restate: 重述

第二十七天

Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.

不幸福的父母很少被激发去思考他们是否不应该有孩子，但不幸福的无子人们却因为那种认为孩子是世界上最重要的事情的信息而感到困扰：显然，他们的不幸必须是他们生活中婴儿大小的巨大空缺的直接结果。

  • provoked: 激发
  • folks: 人们
  • gaping: 巨大的

第二十六天

We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.

我们将这类销售媒体定义为拥有媒体的流量如此强大，以至于其他组织将其内容或电子商务引擎放置于该环境中。

  • place: 放置

  • content: 内容

  • e-commerce: 电子商务

第二十五天

Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.

例如，丰田汽车在今年早些时候的召回危机中，通过一个相对迅速且协调良好的社交媒体回应活动，减轻了一些损害，其中包括在Twitter和社会新闻网站Digg上直接与消费者互动的努力。

  • alleviated: 减轻

  • recall: 召回

  • relatively: 相对地

  • well-orchestrated: 协调良好

  • engage with: 互动

第二十五天

Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in
the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”

尽管日复一日地养育孩子可能会让人感到心力交瘁，但Senior写道：“正是那些在当下抑制我们情绪的事情，后来可能成为强烈满足和快乐的源泉。”

  • soul-crushingly: 心力交瘁地
  • very: 正是
  • dampen: 抑制
  • intense: 强烈
  • gratification: 满足
  • delight: 快乐

第二十四天

Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point.

那些忠实的音乐会爱好者回答说，录音无法替代现场演出，但他们没有抓住重点。

  • Devoted: 忠实的

  • concertgoers: 音乐会爱好者

  • reply: 回答

  • recordings: 录音

  • substitute: 替代品

  • live: 现场的

  • point: 重点

第二十三天

The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.

金融危机使得人们在失业期间或者离开一份糟糕的工作变得更加可以接受。

第二十二天

The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing’s impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.

消费者现在处理购买决策的过程方式意味着市场营销的影响来源于传统付费媒体之外的广泛因素。

  • approach: 处理

  • purchase: 购买

  • impact: 影响

  • stems: 来源于

  • conventional:传统的

第二十一天

The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009.

自从2009年突然宣布任命艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一任音乐总监以来，纽约爱乐乐团的这一决定一直成为古典音乐界的谈论焦点。

  • Philharmonic: 爱乐乐团

  • classical-music: 古典音乐

第二十天

Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law.

许多美国人将陪审团制度视为体现关键民主价值的具体表达，包括以下原则：所有满足最低年龄和识字要求的公民都有同等资格担任陪审员；陪审员应从社区的代表性横截面中随机选择；任何公民都不应因种族、宗教、性别或国籍而剥夺其在陪审团服务的权利；被告有权由同龄人审判；裁决应代表社区的良知，而不仅仅是法律的字面意思。

  • concrete: 具体的

  • democratic values: 民主价值

  • age and literacy: 年龄和识字

  • competent: 有资格的

  • serve: 服务

  • defendants: 被告

  • entitled: 有权

  • verdicts: 裁决

第十九天

Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.

尽管美国最高法院早在1880年的斯特拉德诉西弗吉尼亚案中就禁止了陪审团选择中的故意种族歧视，但挑选所谓的精英或蓝带陪审团的做法为绕过这一禁令和其他反歧视法律提供了一种便捷方式。

  • Supreme: 最高

  • prohibit: 禁止

  • intentional: 故意的

  • blue-ribbon: 蓝带，指优秀或精选的

第十八天

We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.

我们甚至更远离了那些在20世纪初至第二次世界大战前夕在英国发表的不集中的报纸评论，那时新闻纸价格低廉，时尚的艺术批评被认为是对其出现的出版物的一种装饰。

  • unfocused: 不集中的

  • the turn of the 20th century: 20世纪初

  • the eve of World War II: 第二次世界大战前夕

  • newsprint: 新闻纸

  • dirt-cheap: 非常便宜的

  • stylish: 时尚的

  • criticism: 评论

  • ornament: 装饰

第十七天

Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.

在过去的四分之一世纪里，英语报纸发生的所有变化中，也许最深远的是它们艺术报道的范围和严肃性的无情下降。

  • far-reaching: 深远的

  • inexorable: 无情的

  • scope: 范围

  • coverage: 报道

第十六天

Another reason for the commonplace practice is a financial incentive for brands exporting goods to America. United States Customs states that if imported merchandise is unused and destroyed under their supervision, 99% of the duties,taxes or fees paid on the merchandise may be recovered.

另一个普遍采用这种做法的原因是对向美国出口商品的品牌存在财务激励。美国海关规定，如果进口商品在他们的监督下未使用并被销毁，可以返还商品所支付的99%关税、税款或费用。

incentive 激励

imported 进口的

merchandise 商品

第十五天

Becoming too widely available at a cheaper price through discount stores discourages full-price sales.

通过折扣店以更便宜的价格变得过于普遍可得，会抑制全价销售。

第十四天

Now, with record-high home prices and historically low inventory , there’s an increased urgency in such regulation , particularly among those who worry that developers will come in and buy up swaths of housing to flip for a fortune on the short-term rental market.

现在，由于房价创下历史新高，房源供应极度匮乏，对这种监管的紧迫性增加了，特别是那些担心开发商会大量购买房产，然后在短期租赁市场翻倍出售的人。

record-high 创历史新高的

inventory n.库存

swath n.宽广的区域或带状地区

flip n&v.翻转

fortune n.财富;命运

第十三天

We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need among publishers to be big enough to take on all-comers.

我们将看看这种多样性是否是出版商当前需要变得足够强大以应对所有竞争者的牺牲品。

plurality n.多样性;多元性;多数

casualty n.伤亡人员;受害者;毁害物;急诊室

take on 应对;处理

current adj.当前的;现行的;流通的

第十二天

However, the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage, while measures such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to consider sustainable alternatives.

然而，人工草坪的使用必须符合现行的法律和政策保障措施，以保护生物多样性并确保可持续排水。同时，加强生物多样性责任等措施应该鼓励公共机构考虑可持续的替代方案。

comply v.服从;遵守

safeguard v.保护 n.保障措施

drainage n.排水能力;排水系统

biodiversity n.生物多样性

duty n.责任,义务;值班;关税

authorities n.当局,官方,权威

第十一天

On top of this, they produce value from their extensive educational programs, their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration, their contribution to our cultural and artistic life, and of course through tourism.

除此之外，他们还通过广泛的教育项目、通过碳封存对气候的积极影响、对我们文化和艺术生活的贡献，当然还有旅游业，创造价值。

sequestration n. 扣押、隔离、查封、扣留

第十天

It’s easy to dismiss as absurd the Trump administration's ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks.

特朗普政府填补国家公园长期资金缺口的想法被认为是荒谬的，因而人们很容易对此不予理会。

dismiss v. 忽视，不予理会

absurd adj. 荒谬的，荒唐的

administration n. 管理，行政机构

plug v.堵塞;补足;宣传

chronic adj. 慢性的;长期的;长期患病的;糟糕的;

funding n.资金，拨款

gap n.分歧;间隔;漏缺;裂口;

Perhaps, she suggests the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking - something that is not available on the Internet.

她认为，这一趋势可能会改变我们的学习方式，从关注个人事实和记忆转变为强调更具概念性的思维——这是互联网上无法提供的。

第九天

This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home.

这一集体现了一种讽刺，即尽管在公共场合，美国男性往往比女性说得多，但他们在家里常常说得较少。

episode n. 集

crystallizes v. 凝聚;显现

irony n. 讽刺

tend to 倾向于、往往会、有时会

第八天

But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

但市场之所以引起远远超出其规模的兴趣，是因为它将巨大财富、庞大自负、贪婪、激情和争议集于一身，这种情况几乎是其他行业 所无法比拟的。


far beyond 远远超过

enormous egos 极度自负

greed n. 贪婪

passion n. 激情

controversy n. 争议

match v. 相匹配的

industry n. 产业;行业

第七天

The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on adramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008

在艺术市场历史上持续了一个世纪的最长牛市在2008年9月15日在伦敦苏富比拍卖行举办的达明·赫斯特（Damien Hirst）的作品《永远美丽在我心中》（Beautiful Inside My Head Forever）拍卖会上戏剧性地结束了。

bull n. 牛市

century n.世纪

note adj.引人注目

第六天

The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year is strong.

国际会计准则委员会表示，他们不希望在没有整体规划的情况下采取行动，但在今年晚些时候完成规则重构后，压力使他们很难不屈服。

overall adj. 整体的，全面的，总体的

fold adj. 妥协，屈服

reconstruction n.重构，重建

第五天

They found that the principal requirement for what is called
“global cascades” the widespread propagation of influence through networks — is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people.

他们发现所谓“全球级联”的主要要求——即通过网络广泛传播影响的现象——是不需要一些有影响力的人，而是需要一定数量的容易受到影响的人。

principal adj.主要的

requirement n.要求;需求

cascades n.级联

widespread adj.广泛的

propagation n.传播;传递

presence n.存在

critical adj.关键的;重要的

mass n.大量的群体

第四天

In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well connected.

在马尔科姆·格拉德威尔（Malcolm Gladwell）的书《引爆点》中，他提出社交流行现象很大程度上是由一小部分特殊个体的行动驱动的，这些个体通常被称为"有影响力的人"，他们在信息、说服力或人际关系方面异常出色。

Tipping n.消费、转折点、推动点

epidemic n.传染性疾病

driven 被驱使

in large part 很大程度上

minority n.少数群体、少数派

individual n.个体

influential n.有影响力的人或事物

persuasive adj.有说服力的

For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.

要发生社会流行现象，每个受影响的个体必须影响自己的熟人，而这些熟人必须进而影响他们自己的熟人，依此类推；而每个人受多少其他人的关注与最初的有影响力的人没有多大关系。

occur v.产生

acquaintance n.熟人

in turn 轮流、依次

initial adj.初始的

influential adj.有影响力 有影响力的人或事物

第三天

The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its State Street Bank ruling.

联邦巡回法庭发布了一项不寻常的命令，宣布该案将由法庭的所有12名法官审理，而不是通常的三人小组，并且其要评估的一个问题是是否应该“重新考虑”其关于 State Street Bank 的判决。

issue   n.问题、争议点、子女、判决结果   v.发行

state   n.州、国家、政府、情况、形式   v.陈述

panel   n.面板、小组、屏幕、仪表盘、委员会

evaluate   v.评估、审查、分析

reconsider   v.重新考虑

ruling   n.判决、规定、支配、决策

第二天

② Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face,because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets.

对商业方法专利的限制将是一个戏剧性的大逆转，因为正是联邦巡回法院自身在1998年的所谓"State Street Bank"案中引入了这种专利，批准了一项关于共同基金资产汇集方式的专利。

curb 限制、约束、控制

claim 权利要求;索赔

dramatic 戏剧性的;剧烈的

about-face 彻底转变;大幅改变;完全逆转

Federal Circuit 联邦法院

so-called 被称为的；所谓的；

case 案件;情况;实例

pooling 汇集一起

mutual-fund 共同资金；基金

asset 资产

第一天

①Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents , which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago.

现在，全国最高专利法院似乎已经完全准备好限制商业方法专利，这种专利自10年前首次获得授权以来一直备受争议。

patent 专利

court 法院

scale back 减少、缩减或降低规模

controversial 饱受争议或引发争议的事物

authorize 授权、批准或允许某人或某事执行某项任务、行动或活动